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Matthew Kraft

Professor of Education and Economics, Brown University
Chapter Member: Boston SSN
Areas of Expertise:

About Matthew

Kraft’s work focuses on two primary areas: improving the effectiveness of K-12 educators and schools, and examining how education systems can adapt to and mitigate climate change. He has published over 50 peer-reviewed articles on topics including teacher labor markets (hiring, professional development, evaluation, working conditions, strikes, shortages, and layoffs); interpreting effect sizes in education research; school-based tutoring and mentoring programs; and learning time in school. Kraft served as a Senior Economist with the White House Council of Economic Advisers in 2024-25.

Contributions

Economists' Letter on Recovery Policy

  • Elizabeth Oltmans Ananat
  • Darrick Hamilton
  • Carolyn J. Heinrich
  • Michael Klein
  • Matthew Kraft
  • Alicia Sasser Modestino

Publications

"Teacher Effects on Complex Cognitive Skills and Social-Emotional Competencies" Journal of Human Resources 54, no. 1 (2019): 1-36.

Exploits the random assignment of class rosters in the MET Project to estimate teacher effects on students' performance on complex open-ended tasks in math and reading, as well as their growth mindset, grit, and effort in class. Finds large teacher effects across this expanded set of outcomes, but weak relationships between these effects and performance measures used in current teacher evaluation systems including value-added to state standardized tests.

"Interpreting Effect Sizes of Education Interventions", Brown University, December 2018.

Proposes a new framework for interpreting effect sizes of education interventions, which consists of five broadly applicable guidelines and a detailed schema for interpreting effects from causal studies with standardized achievement outcomes. Provides scholars and research consumers with an empirically-based, practical approach for interpreting the policy importance of effect sizes from education interventions.

"The Effect of Teacher Coaching on Instruction and Achievement: A Meta-Analysis of the Causal Evidence" (with David Blazar and Dylan Hogan). Review of Educational Research 88, no. 4 (2018): 547-588.

Reviews the empirical literature on teacher coaching and conducts meta-analyses to estimate the mean effect of coaching programs on teachers' instructional practice and students' academic achievement. Combines results across 60 studies that employ causal research designs. Finds sizable effects of 0.49 standard deviations (SD) on instruction and 0.18 SD on achievement.

"Federal Efforts to Improve Teacher Quality" in Bush-Obama School Reform: Lessons Learned (Educational Innovations Series), edited by Frederick M.Hess and Michael Q. McShane, (Harvard Education Press, 2018), 69-84.

Focuses on how Bush's and Obama's federal education reforms efforts have influenced the teaching profession. Reflects on how the successes and failures of these reforms provides important lessons about the potential and limitations of federal policy as a tool for improving the quality of the U.S. teacher workforce. 

"Engaging Parents through Better Communication Systems" Educational Leadership 75, no. 1 (2017): 58-62.

Shows that frequent, personalized outreach to parents works. Describes how schools can better support teacher-parent communication practices. 

"Revisiting the Widget Effect: Teacher Evaluation Reforms and the Distribution of Teacher Effectiveness" (with Allison F. Gilmour). Educational Researcher 46, no. 5 (2017): 234-249.

Revisits the findings of The New Teacher Project's The Widget Effect (2009) by compiling teacher performance ratings across 24 states that adopted major reforms to their teacher evaluation systems. Finds that in the vast majority of these states, the percentage of teachers rated Unsatisfactory remains less than 1%.