Aviles

Natalie B. Aviles

Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of Virginia
Areas of Expertise:

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About Natalie

Aviles's research focuses on administration and policymaking in the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Overarching themes in Aviles's writings include the political dynamics of NIH administration and the role expert civil servants play in policy implementation at NIH. Aviles serves policymakers, civic organizations, media, legislators, and the public.

Contributions

How Congress Can Restore the Independence of US Science

  • Mark H. Histed

In the News

Guest on Legal AF, April 25, 2026.
Opinion: "How Federal Science Agencies Innovate in the Public Interest," Natalie B. Aviles, Issues in Science and Technology , Fall 2024.

Publications

"Presidentialist Governance is Incompatible with the American Science Superpower" (with Mark H. Histed), Social Science Research Network, January 2026.

Argues that the U.S. political system—where a president holds significant power—makes it harder to consistently support and grow scientific research, which could weaken America’s leadership in science.

"Merton Redux: Re-Confronting the Norms of Science in Democracy" (with Janet Vertesi). Issues in Science and Technology 42, no. 3 (2026): 21-23.

Revisits the role of scientific norms and values in supporting public trust and democratic decision-making. Argues that maintaining core principles of scientific practice remains essential for ensuring that science can effectively contribute to democratic societies, particularly amid growing political and social challenges.

"Pragmatism and Pandemic Policymaking: Bringing Publics Back into Greenhalgh and Engebretsen’s Pragmatist Paradigm" Social Science & Medicine 348 (2024).

Argues that pandemic decisions shouldn’t rely only on experts, but should actively include input from the public. It finds that policies are more effective and trusted when they reflect people’s real experiences, values, and everyday realities—not just scientific evidence.

An Ungovernable Foe: Science and Policy Innovation in the U.S. National Cancer Institute (Columbia University Press, 2024).

Explains how the U.S. government tried to tackle cancer and why it proved so difficult to control despite major investments and scientific advances. Shows that progress depended not just on science, but on how policies, institutions, and priorities were shaped over time—often in messy and imperfect ways.

"Environing Innovation: Toward an Ecological Pragmatism of Scientific Practice" Sociological Perspectives 66, no. 5 (2023): 853-867.

Argues that scientific innovation should be understood as shaped by its surrounding social, institutional, and environmental context—not just by ideas or breakthroughs alone. Shows that better, more responsible innovation happens when scientists pay attention to these broader conditions and adapt their work to them.

"State Planning, Cancer Vaccine Infrastructure, and the Origins of the Oncogene Hypothesis" (with Robin W Scheffler). Social Studies of Science 52, no. 2 (2022): 174-198.

Shows how early government efforts to build cancer research and vaccine programs helped shape scientists’ ideas about what causes cancer. Finds that these policy and funding decisions played a big role in leading to the discovery that certain genes can drive cancer—not just purely independent scientific breakthroughs.

"Situated Practice and the Emergence of Ethical Research: HPV Vaccine Development and Organizational Cultures of Translation at the National Cancer Institute" Science, Technology, & Human Values 43, no. 5 (2018): 810-833.

Shows how ethical research practices grew out of the day-to-day work, norms, and decision-making within teams developing the HPV vaccine. Finds that ethics weren’t just imposed by rules, but were shaped over time by how scientists, institutions, and collaborations handled real-world challenges.